Lahore as an important centre of education attained its eminence during the reign of Aurangzeb. cultural blending and religious toleration he instilled in his empire . Mansur was the great name in this field. He repaired an old institution called Dar-ul-Boqa (Abode of Eternity) and found a new college at Delhi. Favorite Answer. He wrote his biography, Tuzuki-i-Babri, in Turki language and it was so beautifully written that it was translated into Persian three times. Aurangzeb with the help of many Arabic texts got prepared a book of law and justice in Persian which was titled Fatwah-i-Alamgiri. 3. Akbar's courts at Delhi, Agra, and Fatehpur Sikri became centres of the arts, letters, and learning. Join Yahoo Answers and get 100 points today. The double dome was another feature of this building. It is stated that soon after his sitting on the throne, he got repaired many old madarsa, which had ceased to function for quite a long and filled them with pupils and their teachers. Persian was the language of Akbar’s court and of high culture. Akbar practices cultural blending. 5. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. Abul Fazal writes, “All civilized nations have schools for the education of youth; but Hindustan is particularly famous for its seminaries”. In fact, use of running water even in their palaces and pleasure resorts was a special feature of the Mughals. Yet as compared to the age of the Delhi sultanate, Sanskrit literature made good progress during the period. Akbar established the religion of Din-i-Ilahi (a blend of Islam and Hinduism) to unite the peoples, but it ultimately failed as a religion. It was a fashion in the Mughal school for the faces, bodies and feet of the people in a single picture to be painted by different artists. migration, trade, and conquest. TOS4. He encouraged religious tolerance in the Mughal Empire and presided over a great cultural and artistic age. Artists from many cultures worked together in this capital city of the Safavid Empire. When Akbar came into power, he was a genius in cultural blending. Answer Save. Even … Education was regarded as a preparation for life and for life after death and hence it was that religion was at the root of all study”. Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to discuss anything and everything about history. 1 decade ago. The basic course of study at the primary standard was the Quran which every child had to learn by rote. isma'll. Bernier saw a big hall at Banaras University, which was full of books on philosophy, medicine, religion and history etc. answer choices . The Mughal Empire was at its most opulent and powerful during his reign. Briefly explain Akbar's successful religious and tax policy which led to Cultural blending in India under his reign. File Name: Cultural Blending Guided Key.pdf Size: 4904 KB Type: PDF, ePub, eBook: Category: Book … Humayun was succeeded by his 13-year-old son, Jalal-ud-Din Akbar, and the task of keeping the empire together seemed almost impossible. Culture: Religion. 6. He felt it necessary even for the security of his territories. The courses of study in these institutions of learning consisted of grammar, rhetoric, logic, theology, metaphysics, jurisprudence and literature. Under Akbar, European painting was introduced at the court by the Portuguese priests. Yet this illustration shows us Akbar’s great triumphs in more than just the subject matter: the innovations in the work’s artistic style … There was cultural and economic progress together with religious harmony. Akbar took a close personal interest in the work of construction both at Agra and Fatehpur Sikri. My language Marathi is worthy of expressing the highest sentiments and is rich, laden with the fruits of divine knowledge.”. Akbar appoints rajputs as officers in Mughal army. Mughal period was the period of glory in the field of architecture. Abolished taxes on Hindu pilgrims and non-Muslims. In 1514 Safavid forces crushed the Ottoman forces at the Battle of Chaldiran. These were no regular examinations for a student to be promoted to the next standard and the teacher was the sole judge to ascertain his suitability for promotion to the higher class. This Shi'a warrior led the Safavids to conquer what is now Iran. All the Mughal emperors were great patrons of learning and gave their full encouragement to the spread of education in their dominions. Political. How did Akbar allow cultural blending? Music in all forms continued to be patronized by Aurangzeb’s queens in the harem and by the nobles. During this period Akbar brought Persian at the level of state language, which helped in the growth of its literature. Badayuni translated Ramayana into Persian. The Khan-ul-Manzil was big residential college where students lived in the rooms of both the storeys and classes were conducted in the main hall. Thus, the Persian and the Hindi literary traditions began to influence each other. “This shows that the religious freedom policy was one of the factors that caused cultural blending in the em-pire. Akbar was the first Mughal ruler who had the time and means to undertake construction on a large scale. The biggest library was, however, the Imperial library containing the Emperor’s collection of books. The common people, however, spoke Hindi, a mixture of Persian and a local language. 6. Although not many buildings were put up by Aurangzeb who was economic-minded, the Mughal architectural traditions based on a combination of Hindu and Turko-lranian forms and decorative designs, continued without a break into the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. 13. Comparing How did the actions of Shah Abbas and Akbar encourage cultural blending in their empires? Among other places of education, Gwalior, Sialkot, Ambala and Thaneswar were quite famous. 7. Besides many Hindu and Jaina scholars wrote their treatises outside the patronage of the court of the emperor. To raise money, he taxed people on a percentage of the food they grew. Hindus and Muslims did not live like frozen cubes all through the span of 650 years of Muslim rule in India. There was cultural and economic progress together with religious harmony. 400. Some of the Mughal gardens, such as the Nishal Bagh in Kashmir, the Shalimar at Lahore, the Pinjore garden in the Punjab foothills, etc., have survived to this day. They also placed some Christians into slavery, to serve as soldiers or government officials. 4. The army of Christian northerners were modeled after Ottoman janissaries, shown in The Mughal Empire in India Akbars Golden Age Baburs grandson was called Akbar. The mughal empire in india akbars golden age baburs. He also gave … The Mughal princesses Salima Sultana and Zib-un-Nisa had built their own libraries. The Sikhs defend Khusrau in his The institutions of Higher learning called Madarsahs where at Agra, Delhi, Lahore, Jaunpur, Gujarat, Sialkot and Ahmedabad. The people suffered because his mind was so focused on things other than the people. During this period, regional languages were developed due to the patronage extended to them by local and regional rulers. He opened the city to new citizens of many religions and backgrounds. Akbar followed strategic thinking to expand his empire. 15. Image Source: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Darbarscene.jpg. Consider other art forms, such as music and other art forms, such as music and There students also visited the other centers of learning both in the country and abroad as a part of their curriculum. Among writings on history, Tuzuk-i-Babri written by emperor Babur, Humayuna Nama of Gulbadan Begum, Akbarnama and Ain-i-Akbari of Abdul Fazl, Tabkhat-i-Akbari of Nizamuddin Ahmad, Tazkirautal-waqiat of Jauhar, Tauja-i-Akbarshahi alias Tarikh-i-Sher Shah of Abbas Sarwani, Tarikh-i- Alfi which covers nearly one thousand years of history of the Islam and was written by the combined efforts of many scholars. Jahangir and Shah Jahan as well as many Mughal nobles followed this example. Jahangir was also well-educated. In the world history textbook, it says that Akbar got rid of the non-Muslim tax, which brought peace throughout the empire. Chopra, it was with great difficulty that Mullah Shah Badakshi agreed to take Jahan Ara as his pupil. 2. Historical works were written under the patronage of the later Mughals as well as provincial ruler. Largest numbers of good books written in Persian were either autobiographies or books on history. Afterwards, it was replaced by Urdu. The art of illustrating books, which became refined under his rule, was adapted from Persian art. Akbar himself was a patron of art and culture. Muntkhba-ut-Twarikh of Badayuni, Tarikh-i-Salatin-Afghana of Ahmad Yadgar, Tarikh-i-Humayun of Bayaqzid Sultan and Akbarnama of Faizi Sarhindi were written during the period of the rule of Akbar except the first. Any of the following two are acceptable: Akbar abolished taxes that earlier rulers had placed on non-Muslims; he appointed Hindus to several influential positions in his government; and he encouraged discussions and debates among Muslims, Hindus, Christians, and members of other religions. What is ghazi? Q. 4. Let these earrings of vanity alone. This was the term for a warrior for Islam who belonged to a military society with a strict code of conduct. Migration, Religious freedom, trade, conquest. Akbar draws on the intergenerational wisdom transmitted through organic scholars such as John Henrik Clarke who suggested that most ethnic groups, before constant and consistent interaction with other cultural groups, tended to perceive the Supreme Being/God in an image similar to their cultural selves. Pages 22 Ratings 100% (1) 1 out of 1 people found this document helpful; This preview shows page 13 - 15 out of 22 pages. 18.2 cultural blending the safavid empire 1. Americans who were … Shah Jahan had great fascination for study of the Turkish language and had a regular habit of study at night for a short while. They also laid out many formal gardens with running water. But some of the most important developments in the field of music took place later on in the eighteenth century during the reign of Muhammad Shah (1720-48). Akbar governs through a bureaucracy of officials in which natives and foreigners, both Hindus and Muslims, can rise to high office. Multan was well known as a centre of specialization in astronomy, astrology, medicine and mathematics. Humayun’s tomb built at Delhi towards the beginning of Akbar’s reign, and which had a massive dome of marbles, may be considered a precursor of the Taj. Yet a few good works were produced during his rule. The dalliance of Krishna with Radha and the milkmaids, pranks of the child Krishna and stories from Bhagwat figure largely in lyrical poetry in Bengali, Oriya, Hindi, Rajasthani and Gujarati during this period. Akbar Brothers has been Sri Lanka's Leading exporter, supplier and packer of Ceylon Tea for the past 20 years or more and the first ever Sri Lankan tea company to be internationally recognised with ISO 9001 and HACCP quality certifications. Mughal Painting (School from Persian Influence): This school had been developed during the period of Akbar. 3. Legal reforms, architecture, art, literature. A Flowering of CultureAs Akbar extended the Mughal Empire, he welcomed influences from the many cultures in the empire. Vasudeva Sarvabhauma founded a school of Nyaya there in the sixteenth century which even out rivalled Mithila. Recent research shows that Aurangzeb banished singing from his court, but not playing of musical instruments. In addition, arts flourished from his open cultural views. But the most influential Hindi poet was Tulsidas whose hero was Rama and who used a dialect of Hindi spoken in the eastern parts of Uttar Pradesh. Aurangzeb was also a scholar though he hated writings of verses and books on history. The Golden Age of Akbar A genius at cultural blending… This country is such a hit on the list of vacation seekers because, here the traditional and contemporary go hand in hand. After completing their study of Quran, the pupils were taught Gulistan and Bostan of Sheikh Sadi and poems of Firdausi. The Taj Mahal brought together in a pleasing manner all the architectural forms developed by the Mughals. The Siks disagreed with Akbar's policies on religious tolerance. In Hindi, the Padmavat, the story written by the Sufi saint, Malik Muhammad Jaisi, used the attack of Alaudddin Khilji on Chittor as an allegory to expound Sufi ideas on the relations of soul with God, along with Hindu ideas about maya. Provide an example to support your answer. What did Mehmed II do after he conquered Constantinople? How did Akbar's successors contribute to the end of the Mughal Empire? What are some of the causes of cultural blending in the Safavid Empire? Humayun wrote a few verses. Akbar governs through e bureaucracy Of officials in which natives and foreign- ers, bath Hindus and Muslims, can rise to high office. The public made their own arrangements for the education of their children and considering the age and circumstances of the time, the arrangements were fairly satisfactory.” Both the Hindus and the Muslims had their separate institutions for education of their children. Get your answers by asking now. Akbar established the religion of Din-i-Ilahi (a blend of Islam and Hinduism) to unite the peoples, but it ultimately failed as a religion. The letters written by the emperors and nobles also occupy important place in the Persian literature of that time. A leading Mughal noble, Abdur Rahim Khan-i-Khanan, produced a fine blend of Bhakti poetry with Persian ideas of life and human relations. Persian was the language of Akbar’s court and of high culture. Lively intercourse pervaded all sectors of existence, social, political, intellectual and cultural. Akbar the Great Ruled with tolerance from 1556-1605, had huge military power, and allowed cultural blending by allowing different religions and removing religious tax (jizya) Men of Sword- military personnel (Devshirme, Janissary) Men of Negotiation-merchants, artisans, and fax collectors Men of Husbandry - farmers and herders Cultural Blending -Art and … Built atop a hill, along with a large artificial lake, it included many buildings in the style of Gujarat and Bengal. He constructed a Madarsa at Delhi and converted the pleasure-house built by Sher Shah in Qila Kohana also called Purana Qila into a library. 6. Fortunately for the dynasty, Akbar was aided during his regency by a capable chief minister, Bairam Khan. The Mughal Empire Under Akbar . 100. In 1572, Akbar commenced a paiace-cum-fort complex at Fatehpur Sikri, 36 kilometres from Agra, which he completed in eight years. - 33918382 The rulers of the Delhi sultanate in India allowed the Indian people to practice their traditional customs and religions. From the time of Akbar, Hindi poets began to be attached to the Mughal court. Christian boys were taken as slaves, converted to Islam, and turned into warriors and government officials as part of this Ottoman policy. Mautmid Khan completed it and also wrote Ikbalanama-i-Jahangiri.Massara Jahangir of Khawja Kamgar Makazzam- i-Afghani of Niamatullah, Tarikh-i-Farishta of Muhammad Kasim Farishta and Massare-i-Rahini of Mulla Nanvandi were also written during the period of Jahangir. 14. Deva Vimal and many other also wrote their treatises in Sanskrit. Cultural Blending is caused by migration, pursuit of religious freedom, trade, and conquest. There were big libraries for use of these students in every madarsa but certain libraries like that Madars Feiz Safa were highly reputed. The school developed centre of production. Akbar's policy of blending produced two new languages, Hindi and Urdu. The educational institutions also did not award certificates or degree and it was enough for a student to have been taught at a reputed school or by a well known learned teacher. One of the things that made Akbar such an unusual Renaissance ruler was his willingness to alter the ontology of his own class – blending his bloodline, administration, and religion into something new. A lofty gate, tall, slender minarets, and a series of domes are a feature of the Jama Masjid. The Hindus had their primary schools attached to the temples. The chief glory of the Taj is the massive dome and the four slender minarets linking the platform to the main building. The artists in Akbar’s atelier were equally proficient at blending elements from Indian, Persian, and Western traditions, while developing a distinct style of their own. The cultural blending that occurred during Jahangir's rule was the blending of Indian and Persian traditions. It cannot be said with certainty as to whether the duration of the courses in all the educational institutions was fixed according to a standard pattern. The Pahari School continued the Rajasthani styles and played an important role in its development. Persian or Central Asian influence can be seen in the glazed blue tiles used for decoration in the walls or for tiling the roofs. This added to the conflict between groups. Akbar practices cultural blending. These were Banaras, Nadia, Mithila, Mathura, Tirhut, Paithan, Karhad, Thatte, Sirhind and Multan. Akbar gave recognition to scholars of Sanskrit. 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