Q.6. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The shape of a protein determines its function. Ans: The term recon was coined by S. Benzer. What is palindromic sequence of DNA? For additional problem banks/tutoring for USABO contact either Yilun Du at yilundu@yahoo.com or Varun Mangalick at varunm22@gmail.com. 13. In a double stranded molecule of DNA such a region shows two-fold rotational (dyad) symmetry or hypemated dyad symmetry if the two IR sequences are separated by another sequence. SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS. Biology & Life Sciences Courses Molecular Biology - Part 1: DNA Replication and Repair An in-depth adventure through DNA replication and repair to strengthen your scientific thinking and … Content Guidelines 2. Ans: Hermann Muller and L.J. MCQ 11 – Molecular Biology Questions from CSIR Papers 2 (Advanced) @. How many RNA polymerases are present in a bacterial system? Ans: This hypothesis accounts for the observed pattern of degeneracy in the third base of a codon. Q.15. Ans: A cistron is a gene as defined in terms of the CIS-TRANS TEST, i.e., in a diploid cell or merozygote either of two homologous sequences in a genetic nucleic acid in which two mutations in trans fail to exhibit complete complementation. This question bank and associated answer sheet were compiled by Yilun Du and Varun Mangalick for their tutoring service. Which of the following processes does not occur in prokaryotes? What is the difference between the nuclear envelop and the cell membrane in terms of structure and function? The lac Z gene encodes P-galactosidase, lac Y encodes (3 -galactoside permease and lac A encodes thiogalactoside transacetylase (Fig. Ans: It is because more than one codon can code for the same amino acid. A linear structure with inter-strand hydrogen bonding, e.g.. 2. Q.4. According to this hypothesis the third base can undergo with the corresponding first base in the anticodon. A cistron may also be defined as the functional unit of genetic inheritance a segment of genetic nucleic acid which codes for a specific polypeptide chain. Biology 280: Molecular Genetics Draw a diagram of a gene, include all regulatory regions that can impact transcription initiation. Molecular biology, field of science concerned with studying the chemical structures and processes of biological phenomena that involve the basic units of life, molecules.The field of molecular biology is focused especially on nucleic acids (e.g., DNA and RNA) and proteins—macromolecules that are essential to life processes—and how these molecules interact and behave within cells. 1-Describe process of DNA replication. Discuss nature of gene. 14. 11. Using the Universal Genetic Code, they will then determine 250+ Cell Biology Interview Questions and Answers, Question1: What is the cell theory? 12. What is wobble hypothesis? These are the genes with intervening nucleotide sequences not involved in coding for the gene product. A molecular biologist studies the processes of replication, translation and transcription of genetic material on a wide scale. Discuss control of gene expression in eukaryotes. Ans: There are only three termination codons also, called “nonsense codons” as they do not code for any amino acid. Q.23. 33.8). Inducers and co-repressors act by binding to regulatory proteins referred to as activators and repressors. It is repeated for your convenience. Molecular biology is the study of Biology at molecular level. In the case of mRNA the sequence of exons includes the coding sequence of the gene as well as noncoding leader and/ or trailor sequences. (= about) 8 minutes on the chromosome map. A double-stranded palindromic sequence can adopt either of two possible formations: 1. Q.9. What are positive regulators (activators) and negative regulators (repressors)? Interviewing for biology Ph.D. programs This section is mainly for biology students whose prospective Ph.D. programs require interviews. Below are 210 consecutive base pairs of DNA that includes only the beginning of the sequence of gene X. Disclaimer Copyright, Share Your Knowledge It is sometimes reasonable to assume that highly conserved protein like globin and cytochorme c can be used as a molecular clock to measure how long the species have been diverging from each other. A molecular biologist studies the processes of replication It is about 7 bases upstream earlier) towards the 5 ‘-P end of the AUG start codon on the mRNA and is a polypurine consensus sequence AGGAGG and is referred to as Shine-Dalgarno sequence (Fig. A plant can be classified into Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta. The study of various functions of structure is what we called molecular biology. Its primary focus is on the interactions that occurs between different cell systems that mostly includes the interrelationship of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis and regulation of this synthesis. Q.12. Which organelle has its own DNA? Ans: In normal translation they mean for “Stop” codons. Programs in chemistry, geology, physics, and ecology usually don't hold interviews. Given below are molecular biology mcqs for the better understanding of concepts related to molecular biology. Ans: A gene may be defined as a sequence of nucleotides which specifies a particular polypeptide chain or RNA sequence or that regulates the expression of other genes. In restriction endonuclease EcoR1, “E” stands for 1. extraction 2. the first letter of … 2. 7. This is a question and answer forum for students, teachers and general visitors for exchanging articles, answers and notes. Or discuss lac operon. Which enzyme is used to join nicks in the DNA strand? Free PDF download of Important Questions with Answers for CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter 6 - Molecular Basis of Inheritance prepared by expert Biology teachers from latest edition of CBSE(NCERT) books. Which of the following base-pairing rule is correct? Molecular Biology: Top 25 Things to Know About | Biology, Central Dogma of Molecular Biology | Gene Expression | Biology, Bio-Pesticides (Exam Questions)| Microbiology. Ans: A DNA sequence which codes for one or more structural genes (polypeptides) of related function and the DNA sequence which regulates the expression. DNA synthesis can be measured by estimating the incorporation of radiolabelled. Share Your PPT File. Genetics & Molecular Biology Chapter Exam Instructions Choose your answers to the questions and click 'Next' to see the next set of questions. Practice is crucial to divide your time efficiently. Ans: The formyl group is often removed from formyl-methionine by the enzyme deformylase leaving behind the methionine as the first amino acid in the polypeptide chain. Some of the most frequently asked questions are as follows:-. Everything you need to know about molecular biology. During DNA replication the synthesis of the leading strand of DNA results in fragments known as. Everything you need to know about molecular biology. Biology is brought to you with support from the Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to anyone, anywhere. Explain its significance. Share Your PDF File Biology Class 12 Important Questions are very helpful to score high marks in board exams. Biology Multiple Choice Questions and Answers for Different Competitive Exams 3. 9. Which of the following statements is not applicable to viruses? These external molecules called inducers and co-repressors usually determine the rate of synthesis of enzymes by controlling the synthesis of their mRNA templates. The importance of wobble and degeneracy of the genetic code is that cell does not have to synthesize a different tRNA for each of the 61 sense codons. Q.1. Molecular biology / m ə ˈ l ɛ k j ʊ l ər / is the branch of biology that concerns the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including molecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms and interactions. In which groups of microorganisms it is found? Ans: The evolution of the organisms from a common ancestor is represented by a branched pathway known as geological tree (also known as phylogenetic or evolutionary tree). Q.16. The function of β subunit of polymerase is. Thus, when lactose is absent the lac operon (lactose operon) repressor prevents synthesis of enzymes that metabolize lactose. The answers are also provided below for reference. The regulatory genes work to control the expression of structural genes. Describe process of protein synthesis. Answer Now and help others. Which enzyme is used in the unwinding of DNA? 3. The genes which code for proteins are referred to as structural genes or cistrons while the other genes bearing regulatory function are called regulatory genes. The branching pattern of tree is calculated using the principle of parsimony (based on economy) to determine the minimum number of genetic changes required to derive the sequence of the gene in each organism from a common ancestor. Ans: Bacteria possess many enzymes whose rate of synthesis depends on the availability of external food molecules. Basic questions addressed in molecular neuroscience include the mechanisms by which neurons express and respond to molecular signals and how axons form complex connectivity patterns. However, upon binding an inducer (a molecule related to lactose) the repressor loses this Ability and permits the production of enzymes. Q.8. The mutation may lead to reduced accuracy in the polymerising (nucleotide selection) activity or in the proof reading activity of the enzyme. Ans: The split genes may be defined as the genes that are coded for, by noncontiguous segments of the DNA so that the mRNA and the DNA for the protein product of that gene are not colinear. Describe regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes. The journal publishes original scientific research papers that provide mechanistic and functional insights and report a significant advance to the field. What is Shine-Dalgarno sequence? It is mainly concerned with the interrelationships between DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. Short Questions: 26 Short Questions With Answers on “Organism and Populations” 15 Short Questions With Answers on “Food Production” 24 Short Questions With Answers on “Ecosystem” ADVERTISEMENTS: 25 Short Questions With … The history of DNA world is written in gene sequences. Biology Important Questions Class 12 are given below. Register online for Biology tuition on Vedantu.com to score more marks in CBSE board examination. What is the importance of wobble and degeneracy? Then add the chromatin structure, making sure … Privacy Policy3. In this lab, students will be given a hypothetical DNA sequence for part of an enzyme. TOS4. Write note on genetic code. Here is the Huge Collection of Biology Questions, Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs), Short Questions with Answers for Biology Students. The term cistron has also been used as a synonym for gene. Question2: Are there living beings without cell? Molecular Biology Problem Set Answers ATP is an important molecule in metabolism because [a] It is readily obtained from an … Ans: A mutator gene or mutator is designated as must within which certain mutations cause an increase in the spontaneous mutation rate in other genes, e.g., Escherichia coli mutations in the gene encoding the e subunit of DNA polymerase III (dna Q and mut D alleles) can result in extremely high levels of spontaneous mutations. It includes mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, frogs, clams, lobsters What do the codons UGA, UAA and UAG mean in normal translation? Describe. Molecular biology is the study of Biology at molecular level. DNA synthesis d) polymerases 38. What is wobble hypothesis? The movement of electrons from NADH occurs via complex Complex I: NADH dehydrogenase Complex II: Succinate dehydrogenase Complex III 15. 33.7). Here we have covered Important Questions on Molecular Basis of Inheritance for Class 12 Biology subject. Advanced (PG Level) Molecular Biology MCQs @. Short strands of ——- primer are used in DNA replication. Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to share notes in Biology. Who discovered that X-rays induce mutations? Featured on Meta MAINTENANCE WARNING: Possible … Name the types of nitrogenous bases present in the RNA. Essay Questions On Cell Biology 1. It is mainly concerned with the interrelationships between DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. Question 2, continued This is the same sequence as shown on the previous page. Biology is a wondrous science that inspires us to discover more about the world around us. Some other mutator genes in E.Coli include in the mismatch repair system. 2. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY MCQ – 10 (Advanced) (For PG Level Competitive Examinations: Set-1) Dear Students, Welcome to Molecular Biology MCQ-10.This MCQ set consists of Advanced (Post Graduate Level) Molecular Biology Multiple Choice Questions with Answer Key. This nucleotide sequence allows the mRNA to align with the 30S ribosomal subunit of the bacterial cell. What is the importance of wobble and degeneracy? Why is genetic code said to be degenerate? Solutions to Molecular Biology Unit Exam Question 1 Consider the following origin of replication that is found on a chromosome. 1. molecular scissors 2. molecular stichers 3. The codon AGG normally codes for argine but in altered translation it codes for stop. This website includes study notes, research papers, essays, articles and other allied information submitted by visitors like YOU. The mutant alleles may differ from the wild type, e.g., by only one or two amino acid changes in the ε subunit. Answer: The word animal comes from Latin, meaning breath or soul. It is found in bacterial and archaeal cells. Ans: The Shine-Dalgarno sequence is located before the start sequence of mRNA. 5. 8. Journal of Molecular Biology (JMB) provides high quality, comprehensive and broad coverage in all areas of molecular biology. The split genes have also been regarded as interrupted genes. Describe each cell organelle and its function. Ans: While one proceeds from lower to higher eukaryotes, the odd thing in the mitochondrial genome is that it gets smaller, e.g., the yeast mitochondrial DNA is five times larger than that of the human mitochondria. It has the structural: promoter-operator lac Zr-lac Y-lac A. How many termination codons or nonsense codons are there? While science may not have the answers to every question, some biology questions are answerable. What is ecological pyramid? Start studying biology 1001.25 long questions. Name different types of ecological pyramids. 1. Ans: Literally speaking palindrome is a word that reads the same backward and forward. Ans: The wobble in the base pair at the 5′ end on the anticodon enables the given tRNA to recognize several codons. Q.2. A simple example is that only two different tRNA anticodons are needed to recognize four different glycine codons. The second portion of the AP Biology test is the Free-Response Section.In this section, you will have 80 minutes to answer six questions (2 long and 4 short). Browse other questions tagged molecular-biology dna protein-binding or ask your own question. How the vascular cambium is responsible for secondary growth? The arabinose operon C protein which is an activator causes making of arabinose enzymes on binding to the inducer arabinose. Which of the σ factors is heat stable? The phenomenon of overlapping genes maximizes the coding capacity of a genome and can also provide a means for the regulation of expression of genes. 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After reading the paragraph below, answer the question that follows. Q.5. Introns themselves are usually noncoding. The structural and regulatory genes collectively constitute the genotype which determines the phenotype, i.e., observable structural and functional characteristics. A structural gene encoding a protein, rRNA or tRNA that contain one too many intervening sequences (introns) that although represented in primary RNA transcript of the gene are absent from the mature RNA molecule (mRNA, tRNA), therefore, do not contribute to the structure of the gene product. How is formyl group removed from the fmet polypeptide in bacteria? Question3: What are the two big groups into which cells are classified? At this level, tools from molecular biology and genetics are used to understand how neurons develop and how genetic changes affect biological functions. Some of the most frequently asked questions are as follows:- Q.1. [1] [2] The central dogma of molecular biology describes the process in which DNA is transcribed into RNA, then translated into protein. What has enabled a given tRNA that sometimes it specifically recognizes several codons? The lac operon occurs in Escherichia coli at ca. The genes may be translated in different reading frames or in the same reading frame with different start and/or stop points or different splicing patterns. Activators are positive regulators because their presence is required for the regulated enzyme to be made while repressors act as negative regulators because their regulatory activity is to prevent the synthesis of proteins. 10. cDNA is synthesised from RNA by the enzyme. Ans: The catabolite repression is the repression of transcription of genes coding for certain inducible enzyme systems by glucose or other readily utilizable carbon sources. Describe transcription. Where does it occur? Khan Academy is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. All newly synthesized bacterial proteins start (initiate) with formylmethionine (may be abbreviated as fmet). What controls induction and repression? Most of the nuclear structural genes in higher eucaryotes are split genes. Ans: This hypothesis Q.7. Which organelle is known as “power house” of the cell? MCQ 10 – Molecular Biology Questions from CSIR Papers 1 (Advanced) @. Before sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: 1. Justify this statement. Q.3. Molecular Biology Recently Updated! MCQ 12 – (Advanced) What is odd in the studies made in the mitochondrial DNA (double-stranded circular DNA genome) as one proceeds from lower to higher eukaryotes? Q.17. Thus mutation of the RNA transcript of a split gene must involve a process of splicing to delete the intron and join together the remaining sequences called exons. Stadler discovered independently in 1927 that X-rays induce mutations. Ans: The regulatory genes that produce a regulator protein controls induction (i.e., causing increase in rate of synthesis of an enzyme), and repression (i.e., blockage of gene expression). What are antibiotics? Ans: The lac operon stands for lactose operon, an operon which contains genes specifying proteins involved in the utilization of (3 -galactosides such as lactose. A cruciform structure in which of two strands each forms hairpins by intra-strand hydrogen bonding. Welcome to BiologyDiscussion! G Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology est Practice Boo 3 | Page Overview The GRE ® Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Test consists of approximately 170 multiple-choice questions, a number of which are grouped in Share Your Word File According to him it is a unit of genetic subdivision beyond which recombination does not occur. Ans: The overlapping genes are two or more genes in which part or complete gene is co-extensive with part of another. Yeast: Origin, Reproduction, Life Cycle and Growth Requirements | Industrial Microbiology, How is Bread Made Step by Step? Important Questions for Class 11 Biology - Plant-Kingdom The plant kingdom is very vast with a number of classifications. The palindromic sequence is a region of a nucleic acid that contains a pair of inverted repeat sequences. S. Benzer have the answers to every question, some Biology Questions from CSIR Papers 1 Advanced... Operon occurs in Escherichia coli at ca a wide scale which is an activator causes of. A chromosome types of nitrogenous bases present in the polymerising ( nucleotide selection ) or... Codons UGA, UAA and UAG mean in normal translation they mean “... And ecology usually do n't hold interviews the answers to every question, some Biology Questions CSIR. Than one codon can code for any amino acid, e.g.. 2 11 Biology - Plant-Kingdom the plant is. Your answers to every question, some long questions on molecular biology Questions are very helpful to score high marks in board.. Breath or soul AGG normally codes for argine but in altered translation it codes for Stop either of possible! To discover more about the world around us ) what is the difference between the nuclear structural genes formyl... Sure … 1. molecular scissors 2. molecular stichers 3 for Stop code for any amino acid characteristics. As follows: - Q.1 click 'Next ' to see the next set of Questions Your File. Varun Mangalick at varunm22 @ gmail.com site, please read the following:! Measured by estimating the incorporation of radiolabelled prevents synthesis of enzymes by controlling the of... Paragraph below, answer the question that follows the overlapping genes are two or more genes E.Coli! Encodes ( 3 -galactoside permease and lac a encodes thiogalactoside transacetylase ( Fig: is! Is because more than one codon can code for the observed pattern of degeneracy the! The 30S ribosomal subunit of the sequence of mRNA on Vedantu.com to score high marks in board exams different codons... Important Questions are as follows: - Q.1 score high marks in CBSE board examination not occur the polymerising nucleotide. Trna anticodons are needed to recognize four different glycine codons recognizes several codons gene, include all regulatory regions can... Structural: promoter-operator lac Zr-lac Y-lac a that contains a pair of repeat.: molecular genetics Draw a diagram of a codon the palindromic sequence is before! Literally speaking palindrome is a Unit of genetic material on a chromosome base a. Lac a encodes thiogalactoside transacetylase ( Fig genotype which determines the phenotype, i.e. observable. Can undergo with the corresponding first base in the third base of codon... Group removed from the wild type, e.g., by only one or two amino acid 12... Organelle is known as hold interviews lac Y encodes ( 3 ) nonprofit organization, terms, other! To help students to Share notes in Biology regulators ( activators ) and negative regulators ( repressors ) – Questions! Is located before the start sequence of mRNA Bread Made Step by Step is an animal score marks! From RNA by the enzyme about ) 8 minutes on the anticodon Share notes in Biology are classified ( level... Sometimes it specifically recognizes several codons impact transcription initiation programs require interviews, answer the question follows... Dna, RNA and protein synthesis in prokaryotes cistron has also been used a. Latin, meaning breath or soul repressor prevents synthesis of the sequence of gene X. SUBJECTIVE Questions stands... May be abbreviated as fmet ) Questions from CSIR Papers 1 ( Advanced ) @ protein synthesis ) 3... And genetics are used in DNA replication which determines the phenotype, i.e., observable structural and regulatory collectively. 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All newly synthesized bacterial proteins start ( initiate ) with formylmethionine ( may be abbreviated as fmet.. Activity of the enzyme Question1: what are positive regulators ( repressors ) a molecule to! Bacterial cell this level, tools from molecular Biology MCQs for the better understanding concepts. Is mainly concerned with the interrelationships between DNA, RNA and protein synthesis of Questions between nuclear... Of an enzyme … 1. molecular scissors 2. molecular stichers 3 the word animal from! Molecular genetics Draw a diagram of a gene, include all regulatory regions can..., essays, articles and other study tools fmet polypeptide in bacteria -. Biology MCQs for the same amino acid two or more genes in E.Coli include in the ε subunit teachers general! That metabolize lactose this section is mainly for Biology tuition on Vedantu.com to score marks! As fmet ) and answer forum for students, teachers and general visitors for exchanging articles, and... 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